Structure and Problem Solving
Problems solved on digital computers have become progressively larger and more complex. The computer programs providing the solutions to such problems have grown larger and more difficult to understand. The programmer(s) responsible for implementing the solutions to these larger problems are given volumes of information consisting of problem specifications and flowcharts.
The task of writing a computer program is made simpler if the problem can be analyzed in terms of sub problems. The structuring process in problem solving is usually reflected in the program for the problem with the result being a modular program consisting of a number of small parts.
The concept of modularity in programs is not new. There have been for some years now a number of operating systems which have been constructed in a modular fashion.
The computer manufacturer supplies the user with an operating system which consists of many programming modules. The selected modules can be tuned to a particular operating environment by assigning system parameters representative of the environment.
Also, since the operating system program is in a continual state of change, changes can be made more easily if the entire program is divided into a number of program modules whose interrelationships are simple and clearly defined.
A complex program usually cannot be written as a set of program modules unless its solution is structured or organized in that way. The programming of large problems usually involves many programmers, and the decisions made by one programmer, such as the choosing of labels and variable names, should not affect other programmers.
This can only be accomplished if the description and specifications of each program module and its interfaces are made as clear and simple as possible. Indeed, for certain problems, the tasks of organizing and defining the problems are much more time consuming and costly than the task of programming them.
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In organizing a solution to a problem which is to be solved with the aid of a computer, we are confronted with at least four interrelated sub problems. They are to understand thoroughly the relationships between the data elements that are relevant to the solution of the problem, to decide on the operations that must be performed on the logically related data elements, to devise elements methods of representing the data elements in the memory of the computer, and to decide on what problem-solving language can best aid in the solution of the problem.
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